When shipping freight domestically, businesses often face an important decision: LTL (Less-Than-Truckload) vs FTL (Full Truckload) shipping. Choosing the right option can significantly impact cost, transit time, and overall supply chain efficiency.
At BMI Shipping, we help shippers evaluate both options to ensure they’re using the most cost-effective and reliable solution for their freight needs. Below, we break down the key differences between LTL and FTL shipping and explain when each makes the most sense.
Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) shipping is used when freight does not require an entire trailer. Your shipment shares space with freight from other shippers, allowing transportation costs to be split.
Typically used for shipments between 150 and 15,000 lbs
Freight is consolidated at terminals
Pricing is based on weight, dimensions, freight class, and distance
Ideal for smaller or less time-sensitive shipments
LTL shipping is a popular choice for businesses shipping palletized freight on a regular basis without enough volume to fill a full trailer.
Full Truckload (FTL) shipping involves reserving an entire trailer for a single shipment. This option is commonly used for larger loads or when faster transit and reduced handling are required.
Best for shipments over 15,000 lbs or multiple pallets
Direct pickup and delivery
Reduced risk of damage due to minimal handling
Faster transit times compared to LTL
FTL shipping is often preferred for high-value freight, tight delivery windows, or consistent lane volumes.
Cost is one of the biggest factors when deciding between LTL and FTL shipping.
LTL pricing is calculated using:
Freight class (NMFC)
Weight and dimensions
Pickup and delivery locations
Accessorial services (liftgate, residential delivery, etc.)
While LTL can be more economical for smaller shipments, costs can increase quickly if freight is improperly classified or packaged.
FTL pricing is typically based on:
Lane distance
Equipment type
Fuel costs
Market capacity
Although FTL has a higher upfront cost, it can be more cost-effective per pound for larger shipments and often reduces indirect costs like delays and damages.
| Factor | LTL Shipping | FTL Shipping |
|---|---|---|
| Transit Time | Longer (multiple stops) | Faster (direct) |
| Handling | Multiple touchpoints | Minimal handling |
| Risk of Damage | Moderate | Low |
| Delivery Predictability | Medium | High |
If transit time and reliability are critical, FTL shipping is usually the better option.
Your shipment is under 10–12 pallets
You ship smaller loads regularly
Cost savings matter more than speed
Flexible delivery timelines are acceptable
Your freight fills most or all of a trailer
You need faster delivery
Your freight is high-value or fragile
You want reduced handling and higher reliability
At BMI Shipping, we don’t push one mode over another. Instead, we:
Analyze shipment size, frequency, and lanes
Compare LTL vs FTL pricing in real time
Identify opportunities to consolidate freight
Help reduce accessorial and reclassification costs
Our goal is to help you ship smarter — not just cheaper.
